"Full Analysis" Certificate of Analysis
Final Report
Additional Resources:
Understanding Alkalinity
Understanding Salinity
Benefits of Copepods, Amphipods
and Rotifers
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Report No.:
LA-1124 |
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Customer Name: BP |
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Sample ID#: LA1124 - Salt Water |
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Sample Temperature For Elements: 22.7 °C |
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Analysis |
Atomic Symbol |
Units
(ppm) |
Acceptable Range
(Assumes Corals) |
Natural Seawater Value |
Your
Sample Results |
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Aluminum |
Al |
mg/L |
<0.2 |
0.001 |
< 0.1 |
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Arsenic |
As |
mg/L |
0.0023 - 0.0037 |
0.002 |
0.07 |
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Barium |
Ba |
mg/L |
0.01 -0.03 |
0.015 |
0.049 |
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Boron |
B |
mg/L |
3 - 15 |
4.4 |
4.69 |
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Calcium |
Ca |
mg/L |
350 - 422 |
418 |
441 |
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Cadmium |
Cd |
mg/L |
<0.0003 |
0.000114 |
0.0006 |
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Cobalt |
Co |
mg/L |
0 - 0.002 |
0.0000068 |
0.0023 |
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Chromium |
Cr |
mg/L |
<0.05 |
0.0001– 0.0005 |
< 0.05 |
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Copper |
Cu |
mg/L |
0 - 0.01 |
0.000212 |
1.35 |
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Iron |
Fe |
mg/L |
<0.1 |
0.00014 - 0.045 |
< 0.1 |
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Potassium |
K |
mg/L |
380 - 500 |
399 |
434 |
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Magnesium |
Mg |
mg/L |
1200 - 1350 |
1280 |
1090 |
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Manganese |
Mn |
mg/L |
0.000275 - .05 |
0.000275 - .002 |
0.319 |
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Molybdenum |
Mo |
mg/L |
0.008 - 0.01 |
0.01 |
0.024 |
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Sodium |
Na |
mg/L |
10800 |
10800 |
9280 |
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Scandium |
Sc |
mg/L |
<0.005 |
0.000001 |
< 0.005 |
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Nickel |
Ni |
mg/L |
0.000633 - 0.01 |
0.000633 |
0.05 |
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Lead |
Pb |
mg/L |
0.000002 - .001 |
0.000035 |
0.010 |
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Lithium |
Li |
mg/L |
0.15 - 0.3 |
0.178 |
0.40 |
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Selenium |
Se |
mg/L |
0.0000085 - 0.15 |
0.000085 |
< 0.1 |
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Silicon |
Si |
mg/L |
<5.5 |
2.8 |
< 0.1 |
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Strontium |
Sr |
mg/L |
7.7 - 13 |
7.7 - 13 |
9.54 |
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Sulfur |
S |
mg/L |
30 - 930 |
904 |
1010 |
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Titanium |
Ti |
mg/L |
0.0000009 - 0.003 |
0.000014 |
0.003 |
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Uranium |
U |
mg/L |
0.0025 - 0.005 |
0.0032 |
< 0.0001 |
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Vanadium |
V |
mg/L |
0.003 - 0.02 |
0.0012 - 0.002 |
< 0.003 |
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Zinc |
Zn |
mg/L |
0.000529 - .01 |
0.000529 |
0.4 |
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Bromide |
Br |
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60 - 75 |
66 |
67 |
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Chloride |
Cl |
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1500 - 19345 |
19345 |
17000 |
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Fluoride |
F |
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0.5 - 1.5 |
1 |
0.83 |
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Sulphate |
SO4 |
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<2701 |
2701 |
2900 |
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Sample Temperature For Remaining Analysis: 80.6F |
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Analysis |
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Acceptable |
Status |
Results |
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Iodide |
|
mg/L |
0.02 to 0.04 |
Reef Low |
0.005 |
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Iodine/Iodate |
|
mg/L |
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Reef Acceptable |
0.03 |
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Ammonia |
|
mg/L |
0 (below surface) |
Acceptable
(client will see 0) |
0.25 |
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Alkalinity Total |
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dKH |
8 - 13 dKH |
Reef Low |
8.387 |
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Alkalinity Borate |
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dKH |
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Reef Low |
2.516 |
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Alkalinity Carbonate |
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dKH |
8dKh |
Reef Low |
5.817 |
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Nitrate |
|
mg/L |
0.1 - 2.5 |
Reef High |
1.5 |
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Nitrite |
|
mg/L |
0 |
Good |
0 |
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Phosphate |
|
mg/L |
0.07 |
Good |
0.02 |
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Silicate |
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mg/L |
0.02 |
Good |
0.03 |
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Salinity |
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ppt |
S=35 |
Reef Low |
28 |
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Specific Gravity |
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1.025 - 1.026 |
Reef Low |
1.021 |
Comments
There is a direct correlation between reduced salinity and increased elemental toxicity
to marine organisms. This is why hypo salinity combined with Copper dosing is an
affective treatment for Cryptocaryon irritans.
BP,
The results of your test are the exact reason why we recommend everyone run our full
analysis once a year. If you had run this test in time I strongly believe you would have been able to avoid your recent system crash. Fortunately, you have performed this test and can now go forward knowing what has to be done in order to correct your husbandry and maintain a successful system.
If you look closely
at your aquarium water analysis you will see all of the following are elevated:
- Barium
- Cadmium
- Cobalt
- Copper
- Manganese
- Molybdenum
- Nickel
- Lead
- Lithium
- Sulfur
- Sulphate
- Zinc
When you are pushing
the limits of the elemental constituency of your water, compared to natural levels,
you must in the least maintain stable pH, Alkalinity and Salinity.
We often hear of a
system crash corresponding with someone’s recent vacation. Often, the aquarist is
uncertain as to what happened, left to speculate on many creative contributing factors,
like a sealed house affecting the pH or things to that nature. Granted, there are
many possible factors at play here, however, once your ongoing husbandry is abandoned
and your pH, Alkalinity and Salinity levels enter ranges not typically seen, your
specimens will feel and suffer the affects of increased elemental toxicity. It only
takes one sensitive specimen to succumb and start a chain reaction.
Most will look at
your results and focus on the Copper; however, it is more the totality of the elevated
levels that likely caused the crash. Your Cadmium levels were 5.26 times higher
than natural seawater. Cadmium is known to cause Corals to slough off tissue at
.5ppm, granted much higher than your levels but the study that determined this was
also performed at natural salinity, where yours was found to be low.
It is likely that poor source water, ineffective RO/DI filtration, compromised or
non-existent carbon filtration and low salinity caused this system crash. Although
there is potentially a plethora of other factors that contributed to this system
crash the aforementioned is our official position based on the information we have.
Additionally, you may want to consider replacing your sand bed. Once your sand bed
is removed I would point all your powerheads at your live rock and treat your system
with CupriSorb, activated carbon and lots of water changes. When you perform the
water changes siphon out all the debris that will accumulate on the substrate as
a result of the constant high flow from your powerheads directed at your live rock.
The literature on CupriSorb says that with continued use it
will remove the copper from your sand bed. I wouldn't follow this in your case as
I feel a more agressive aproach is needed.
Best of luck with
your changes, and don’t hesitate to contact us with any questions you may have.
Stuart Schofield
Lab Aquatics Inc.
To review our saltwater analysis reporting to our
research regarding these elements, chose any of the links
in the right column under
"The Elements" list.
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